Background and Objectives: There are conflicting studies on the prevalence of MEDIASTINAL lymphadenopathy (LAP) and its relationship to the prognosis of COVID-19 DISEASE. The prevalence varied from 3. 4 to 66 percent and more prevalent in pa-tients who died. This study aimed to investigate the MEDIASTINAL lymphadenopathy and the DISEASE progression in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 195 COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups, with the medias-tinal lymphadenopathy and without it. In these groups, demographic characteristics, underlying DISEASEs, laboratory results, and outcomes were compared. Results: The median age in the LAP group was higher than the opposite group (62 vs. 58. 5; p= 0. 037). SpO2 (85% vs. 90%; P <0. 001), lymphocyte count (760 vs. 969; p= 0. 02), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (5. 53 vs. 4. 41; p= 0. 02), and ESR (36 vs. 29; p= 0. 03) were significantly correlated with the presence of lymphadenopathy, using the Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon rank test. ICU admission (65. 71% vs. 36. 87; p= 0. 003), mechanical ventilation (31. 42% vs. 13. 75%; p= 0. 022), DISEASE se-verity (65. 71% vs. 40%; p <0. 01), length of hospital stay (9 vs. 7; p= 0. 039) and mortality rate (40% vs. 21. 25%; p= 0. 034) were more predominantly observed in the LAP group, using the χ 2 test. There was no apparent difference in sex and the underlying DISEASEs among the two groups. Conclusion: This observation showed a relatively high prevalence of MEDIASTINAL lymphadenopathy in COVID-19 patients, which was more common in the elderly with low oxygen saturation. Therefore, LAP may lead to further intensive care needs, more use of mechanical ventilation, high severity of DISEASE, and mortality rate.

Neurogenic tumors are common in the mediastinum. Two cases (A 35 years old woman and a 45 years old man) presented with non specific clinical signs and worked up, According on imaging (Chest X-Ray, CT Scan, MRI) they have MEDIASTINAL tumor near thoracic spine. Two tumors were removed completely (about 1 kg) with thorcotomy. Pathology of both were schwannoma. The importance of knowledge about this tumor is its relation with thoracic spine and the spinal cord. Therefore all surgeons must noticed that this surgery (posterior thoracotomy and laminectomy) is done with the cooperation of neurosurgical team.

Introduction. This fascinating disorder is also known as Sinus Histiocytosis. It is very rare, probably less than 1000 cases reported in the literature. R.D.D affects lymph nodes, although extranodal involvement has been reported such as: Centaral nervous system (CN.S). All of the cases of R.D.D with CN.S involvement without other sites involvement are 11 cases. Methods. The case is a male patient, 26y/o, with a history of head trauma 2 years ago that has been resulted to unconsciousness. He has been referred to a hospital and brain CT scan and brain M.R.I has been done for him. In M.R.I a brain tumor with left orbit and sphenoidal sinus involvement and compression effect on frontal lobe has been seen. A neurosurgeon operated him and the pathological report was Rosai-Dorfman DISEASE. Then he was referred to radiation therapy department.Results. Treatment approach in CN.S involvement cases consists of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Discussion. Over all, response has been inferior to those expected with malignant hematopoietic neoplasms.

The patient was a 35 year-old woman with a 10-month history of breathing difficulty, cough and chest pain. An anteriorposterior chest radiograph revealed opacification of the right hemithorax with reduced right lung volumes. As part of diagnostic evaluation, a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed which showed a huge mass in the right anterior mediastinum with extension to the right side of the pleural space. It was resected through postero-lateral thoracotomy .The patient was discharged in a good condition. The pathology report showed hyaline vascular variant of Castleman’s DISEASE.

MEDIASTINAL tuberculous lymphadenitis is a rare DISEASE in adults. Dysphagia as the accompanying symptom is even a rarer manifestation. Cases with esophageal symptoms may present as esophageal ulceration, mucosal or submucosal mass, fistula or sinus formation, extrinsic compression or displacement of the esophagus. Extrinsic compression may radiologically or endoscopically present as a submucosal tumor. Our case is a 30-year-old woman with dysphagia for a month. Extrinsic compression was seen endoscopically on the mid-esophagus. On thoracic CT and MRI images, a multiloculated cystic/necrotic mass, 5.5×4.8×3.1 cm in size consisting of multiple septa was located subcarinally in the middle mediastinum. In Wang needle aspiration, a mucopurulaent liquid was aspirated from the subcarinal localization by bronchoscopy. Diagnostic thoracotomy was carried out because histological and bacteriological examinations were not diagnostic. It was reported as tuberculous lymphadenitis pathologically. The control thoracic CT performed after antituberculous treatment showed complete regression of the mass. We herein report a rare form of tuberculous lymphadenitis.